Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. Much like sigmund freud, erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by erik erikson in collaboration with joan erikson, is a. For erikson 1963, these crises are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual i.
Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. These conflicts are meant to develop or not develop a certain psychological quality. He presented these crises as 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts, often known as the 8 erikson stages. Psychological development, the development of human beings cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development exploring.
Eriksons theory of psychosocial development moin syed. Erik erikson psychosocial stages simply psychology. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development. Erik erikson 19021994 proposed that throughout our lives, we encounter certain crises that contribute to our psychosocial development. Eriksons theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages in which a healthy individual should pass through from birth to death. Erik eriksons theory of psychosocial development describes 8 stages that play a role in the development of personality and psychological. Erik erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the bestknown theories of personality in psychology. If development does not go smoothly at a particular stage, the person may experience arrested development i. Erikson s theory differed from many others because it addressed development throughout the entire lifespan, including old age. Each one of the eight stages that erikson described in his theory draws on the preceding stages, providing a path for the following stages. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial psychosexual theory and modified it into an eight stage psychosocial theory of development.
Erik erikson, a german psychoanalyst heavily influenced by sigmund freud, explored three. Erikson, piaget, and kohlberg are called stage theories. David l, eriksons stages of development, in learning. During each of erikson s eight development stages, two conflicting ideas must be resolved successfully in order for a person to become a confident, contributing member of society. As youll learn, erikson, piaget, and kohlberg, perhaps the three most influential developmental theorists, believed that the ages associated with the stages were. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development verywell mind. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development the. Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development education. An eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial psychosexual theory and modified it into an eightstage.
Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Psychological problems often manifest as highrisk behaviors. Approximate age freuds stages of psychosexual development \ neriksons stages of psychosocial development infancy birth to 1 year oral stage trust versus mistrust early childhood years anal stage autonomy versus doubt preschool 36 years phallic stage. Eriksons stages of development pdf download for student. Erikson believed that as we go through stages of development, we must negotiate aspects of ourselves, and we experience psychosocial crises how we deal with each crisis forms our personality, which in turn informs our outlook on life.
763 628 541 636 379 967 893 1206 641 834 1521 735 407 1383 197 1324 934 1388 1158 1003 58 501 358 1383 320 652 49 594 333 317 1104 740 578 1021 1347 1491 894 614 914 1350 507 579 1241